Monday, June 15, 2015

Homeowners deepest underwater: No relief in sight

Homeowners deepest underwater: No relief in sight

Home prices are rising, and homeowners have collectively regained trillions of dollars in home equity since the worst of the real estate crash. For some borrowers, however, it is not enough, not nearly enough to bring them back into the black on their home loans.
These so-called underwater borrowers are stuck in place, unable to sell without paying into their mortgages. For those deepest underwater, there is very little hope in sight.
"It's great news that the level of negative equity is falling, but what really worries me is the depth of negative equity. Millions of Americans are so far underwater, it's likely they may not regain equity for up to a decade or more at these rates," said Zillow Chief Economist Dr. Stan Humphries.

Family sitting on roof of underwater home
John Lund | Blend Images | Getty Images

Nearly eight million borrowers, or 15.4 percent of homeowners with a mortgage, still owe more than their homes are worth, according to Zillow. While the numbers continue to improve, about half of those borrowers owe the bank at least 20 percent more than their homes are worth.

U.S. homeowners lost about $5 trillion dollars collectively in the housing crash, but home prices are now up about 30 percent from the trough of the market in March of 2012, according to the S&P/Case Shiller Home Price Index. They are still, however about 15 percent below the peak of prices in the summer of 2006. Home equity rose to $11.7 trillion in the first quarter of this year, the highest since 2007, according to new numbers from the Federal Reserve released this week.
That is causing ripple effects up and down the chain of the housing market, and leading to severe shortages of homes for sale nationwide.
"Because negative equity is concentrated so heavily at the lower end, it throws a real wrench in the traditional housing market conveyor belt," said Humphries. "Potential first-time buyers have difficulty finding affordable homes for sale because those homes are stuck in negative equity. And owners of those homes can't move up the chain because they're stuck underwater in the entry-level home they bought years ago."

David and Heather Littlejohn would have been moving up to a larger home this year, but they are still underwater on their mortgage. They are expecting their third child this summer, and their home, about an hour south of Eugene, Oregon, is bursting at the seams.
"We're structurally trapped," said David.

When we first interviewed the Littlejohns two years ago, they said they expected to be able to move soon, but doing that now would still require paying into the mortgage. Home prices in their area have rebounded somewhat, but they were deep underwater at the worst of the crash and are still recovering.

The Littlejohns paid $325,000 to build their home as newlyweds in 2005. It was then appraised at $425,000. David estimates it is probably worth about $280,000 today, but they owe about that much on the mortgage. Moving, with all its added costs, not to mention paying for a bigger home, is out of the question for now, but not necessarily for the future.
"Work has been healthy. If things continue down the path we're going, we'll do it the old fashioned way: We'll buy our way out. We have the capacity to save for that," David said.
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Here's how we help the middle class

Here's how we help the middle class

Becoming middle class used to be an aspirational thing. It meant job and economic security and spending money on what you want, not just on what you need.

But the great recession changed what it means to be middle class in America, perhaps irrevocably. Though the financial crisis is now six years behind us, financial stability is still a dream — or worse, a forgotten memory — for the average American. According to J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.'s recent analysis of 100,000 bank account and credit-card holders, between October 2012 and December 2015, two in five individuals saw their household incomes rise or fall by 30 percent from one month to the next. An even greater number — three in five individuals — saw their spending rise or fall by 30 percent, and not necessarily in the same direction as the variance in their income.
Stocknshares | iStock | Getty Images

Everyday, middle-class Americans — even those with jobs — can't rely on a steady income month to month, nor can they depend on their budget staying in line with their salary. Practically, what these income and spending swings mean is that a significant percentage of Americans across the wealth spectrum may not have the money they need to cover their expenses — especially unexpected expenses.

In the past, being a member of the middle class meant you had savings you could rely on. If unplanned medical or repair bills arose, or a job was lost, circumstances didn't immediately become dire. But a recent survey from Bankrate.com shows that today, most Americans have no cushion at all: 62 percent have no emergency savings. Instead, the average American is living paycheck to paycheck.

This growing trend of income instability raises broader questions about how middle-class Americans can make ends meet without doing permanent damage to their finances. With traditional financial institutions turning these customers away in droves — over 40 percent of Americans are considered "subprime" with FICO scores below 700 and are thus ineligible for mainstream credit source — their only recourse is often the high-interest alternative world of pawn, payday and title loans.
Instead of forcing this new middle class to resort to dead-end products, or waiting for banks to find a solution, we need to focus on improving access and quality of credit. FICO scores and income statements — the sole measures mainstream creditors use to determine creditworthiness — paint only a partial picture. We need a more nuanced view of today's new middle class consumer. We need to acknowledge the challenges they face, and not only give them better solutions than the ones they have available, but put them on a path where accessing mainstream credit and building a nest egg isn't a dream; it's reality.


Technology holds the key to innovating these better solutions. With today's advancements in big data and smart analytics, a borrower's risk profile doesn't need to be quantified by a single number. As we adopt these new technologies that allow us to view each consumer as an individual, rather than their FICO score, we need to embrace a shift in focus. Lenders should look to more consumer-friendly lending models and seek to profit from their customers' financial successes, not from their hardships. Regulators must encourage innovation and avoid policies that ultimately remove access to credit.
The first step in this direction is finding the common ground between industry, regulators, consumer advocates and the most important constituents, the customers themselves. For the millions with income instability and poor financial options, we need to work together to develop truly progressive solutions that serve their pressing needs for credit while helping them to build improved financial behaviors and graduate (or return) to mainstream credit.
 
Ken Rees is CEO of Elevate, a leading provider of online alternative credit solutions. Follow @ElevateCredit on Twitter. 

Monday, June 8, 2015

Consumer watchdog weighs in on reverse mortgages

Consumer watchdog weighs in on reverse mortgages

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Baby boomers are coming up short on retirement savings, but most of them have a key asset they bring to their later years: their homes.
Tapping that asset in the form of a reverse mortgage is becoming a popular way for seniors to generate income after they stop working, and reforms in recent years have reduced or eliminated many of the problems these loans presented in the past. While loan volume has declined slightly in recent months, seniors still have about 628,000 of the loans outstanding, roughly 1 percent of the overall mortgage market, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).
But problems persist with reverse mortgages, not least in how the loans are advertised, and on Thursday the CFPB highlighted some of those shortcomings in a new study describing the results of a reverse mortgage focus group.
"The ads left the consumers believing that if they purchase a reverse mortgage loan, they will be able to rest assured that they can live in their homes and enjoy financial security for the rest of their lives," said CFPB Director Richard Cordray in prepared remarks. "Incomplete or inaccurate information in an ad can cause older Americans to make the wrong choice that jeopardizes their financial security. They could run out of money for their day-to-day expenses or they could even lose their homes."

Tapping into home equity

Reverse mortgages enable seniors to use their homes to generate income and provide backup income when their investment portfolios dip. In a mirror image of a traditional mortgage, a lender in a reverse mortgage makes payments to the homeowner either as a lump sum, monthly payments or as a line of credit the homeowner may or may not use.
If homeowners maintain their homes and keep up with tax and insurance payments, they keep title to their home until they die or sell, and at that point the loan must be repaid, often with the proceeds of the home's sale.
"It can kind of replace a home equity line of credit," said John Salter, a wealth manager at Evensky & Katz/Foldes Financial Wealth Management and an associate professor of financial planning at Texas Tech University. Salter said he has put three clients in these loans: two because the lines of credit offered a backup in the event they needed them to supplement their savings, and one who refinanced the last of a traditional mortgage with a lower interest line of credit.
Nearly 76 percent of people aged 55 to 64 own their own homes, as do 79.5 percent of those over 65, so reverse mortgages are a potential lifesaver if those homeowners do not have much in the way of retirement savings. Millions do not: 58 percent of Americans aged 55 and over have less than $100,000 in total savings and investments, excluding their homes, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute. (Tweet This)
"If households do not have enough from Social Security and their 401(k) assets, they should consider tapping their home equity by either downsizing or taking a reverse mortgage," wrote Alicia Munnell, director of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, in areport released in April. 

Deceptive ads?

But the benefits of reverse mortgages only hold if borrowers truly understand what they are getting themselves into, and if the several dozen people in the CFPB focus group are an indication, many do not.
"Consumers found it difficult to understand from the ads that reverse mortgages are loans with fees and compounding interest. Most ads did not include interest rate information or included it only in the fine print," Cordray said in his statement. "Other consumers mistakenly thought that because the money they received through a reverse mortgage represented home equity they had accrued over time, there was no reason they would have to pay it back."
That kind of misunderstanding can lead consumers to make any number of mistakes with these loans. If they take out a lump sum, they risk blowing the money and running short in later years. If they blithely take out the loan without having their spouse as a co-signer, and then die first, the spouse may be left trying to immediately repay the loan. (If both spouses sign the loan when they are 62 or older, the surviving spouse is allowed to stay in the house and repayment is deferred.)
Some of the ads for reverse mortgages feature celebrities, like former U.S. Sen. Fred Thompson and actor Henry Winkler. While the CFPB declined to cite specific ads with boldface names, Cordray said celebrity endorsements could be troublesome. One focus group member stated that "When it's a former congressman endorsing it, it makes it sound like a good idea."
Ads for reverse mortgages may be proliferating, but there are objective sources of information for seniors seeking to learn about reverse mortgages. For example, a CFPB fact sheet lays out how these loans work.
Homeowners can also seek out a financial professional to walk them through the reverse mortgage landscape, Salter said. And when looking for a lender, he suggested making sure they have no financial incentive to recommend a type of payment, such as a lump sum payout, that might not be in the homeowner's best interest.
"Find somebody that's willing to kindly explain everything from an educational perspective and ask if they are commission neutral," Salter said.

Say 'I do' to love & money: 3 smart money moves for newlyweds

Say 'I do' to love & money: 3 smart money moves for newlyweds

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Financial compatibility is right up there with having a sense of humor as a top trait that couples look for in a partner, according a new poll on "Love and Money." But there can be some major differences in how partners manage money that can have serious ramifications in a relationship, and that could impact your own financial security.
For many newlyweds, tying the knot can often be complicated when it comes to finances. Make sure you have a talk—at least one a month—with your spouse about your money and your future so you can live happily ever after.

Be open about your own finances

Young couple discussion
Paper Boat Creative | Getty Images
Newlyweds can begin building a great foundation by talking about their financial dreams so they can figure out how to reach them together. Some key questions include: Are you a saver or spender? Do you have money woes that keep you up at night?
Your partners should know if you're facing $25,000 in credit card debt or $75,000 in student loans, preferably before you walk down the aisle. However, if you didn't discuss it before the wedding, do it now. You also want to let your spouse know if you own property, have a side business or have investments that you've accumulated prior to your marriage, and whether you want to manage your assets on your own or together.

Be prepared to work together

Even if you divide some financial responsibilities, you will need to work together to reach your financial goals. Research shows that couples are more likely to build wealth if they are working together. To get on the same page and stay on track, schedule a "money date" with your finance to go over budgets, review expenses and talk about your expectations.

Consider "yours, mine and ours" accounts

"With regards to all marital money matters, I like to start with the concept of a 'financial three-way', which consists of 'yours, mine and ours'," said financial advisor Manisha Thakor, director of wealth strategies for women at The BAM Alliance.
A couple may decide that everything related to housing, food, transportation, entertainment, and vacation is considered "joint" and they pay for these out of a joint checking account. Another couple may decide that other items such as charitable giving, personal grooming, clothes, presents, and hobbies are "separate." Any of these "solo" expenses would come from separate checking and savings accounts.
You could use the same approach with credit cards, but understand the potential downsides too. "When it comes to 'joint' anything in a relationship, the actions of one party will have lasting effects on the other," said Thakor, a member of the CNBC Digital Financial Advisors Council.
New York-based financial advisor Stacy Francis agreesand adds that merging finances doesn't necessarily prevent financial infidelity. "You can have joint accounts, but that does not protect you from your spouse opening an account without you being any wiser," said Francis, who is also a member of the council. "If you spouse wants to hide something- they will."
That's why financial advisors say it is so important to be open and honest about your finances. Keep talking!